10 July 22, 2021
By Charles Mattox
KyNewsGroup
charles@kynewsgroup.com
The Red-tailed Hawk
(Buteo jamaicensis) is the
most numerous of raptors
in Kentucky, and they can
be seen over almost any
farm in any section of the
state.
Adult Red Tails are rec-
ognizable by their red tails
and a dark band of feath-
ers across their white bel-
ly. Immature Red Tailed
Hawks have black bands
on a brown tail.
Red-tailed Hawks soar
in wide circles high over
a field while searching for
prey. In high winds they
may face into the wind and
hover without flapping,
eyes fixed on the ground.
They attack in a slow,
controlled dive from
above.
Their preferred habitat
lafi’ds',‘
Photos by Charles Mottox
where they hunt for small
mammals, including rab-
bits, squirrels, chipmunks,
mice, rats and voles. They
also hunt large birds such
as quail, pheasants and
grouse. They also hunt
reptiles, including, snakes.
Because young birds
are easily trained, the Red-
Tail Hawk is a favorite
with falconers, and in cap-
tivity, they eat mostly rats,
squirrel and rabbit.
In the wild, hawks are
, amazing to watch indi-
vidually or while hunting
together.
Sometimes pairs will
work together to get a
squirrel in a tree. They
can spot a mouse from 100
feet, before diving after it
at speeds up to 120 mph.
Red tail Hawks estab-
lish life-long pair bonds.
They do not hunt or live
together most of the year,
but just prior to and during
breeding season a pair can
. r . «be s. . erched to eth r
includes pastures, grass?“ p‘ " ’ g‘ 9
and meadows, L ‘
in the tree..During
Courtship, the pair per-
,- with migrants, W ,
.in from the Great Lakes?“
states and Midwest
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Kentucky ishome to the Redtail Hawk
form elaborate displays
called sky dancing, involv-
ing dives, barrel rolls, and
ascents. They even meet
in the air, lock talons, and
spiral downward until
they part near the ground.
They begin working on
their nest of sticks around
the beginning of Febru-
ary, and will return to a
successful nest site each
year. The average clutch
is 2—3 eggs, and the female
does most of the incuba-
tion while the male feeds
her. The young hatch after
28-32 days, and fledge at
44-46 days of age.
Red tailed Hawks are
one of six hawk species
that nest in—state, includ—
ing the Sharp-shinned
Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk,
Red-shouldered Hawk,
Broad-winged Hawk, and
Northern Harrier.
Beginning in November,
local resident populations
of Red-tailed Hawks swell
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The largest birds may
weigh up to 3.5 pounds,
are 26 inches tall and have
a wingspan approaching
five feet; '
Females on average are
about 25 percent heavier
than males.
In courtship, male and
female soar in high circles,
calling to one another with
their distinctive shrill cry
— a hoarse, raspy scream,
described as kree-eee-ar.
The male may fly high
and then dive repeatedly
in spectacular maneuvers,
to impress his‘prospective
mate. .‘
In Kentucky, as soon as
the harsh winter weather
moderates in late Febru-
ary and early March, Red-
,tailed Hawks that were
paired up over the late fall
and winter, begin to breed.
Nest building is often
underway by mid—March
and eggs are being incu-
bated by early April.
In most areas, they nest
"large trees, usually
more than 50 feet above
the ground. The nest is
built by both sexes and is a
bulky bowl of sticks, lined
with finer materials, of-
ten with fresh, evergreen
sprigs.
In eastern Kentucky
Red-tailed Hawks some-
times nest on the protect-
ed ledges of rocky cliff
lines.
Eggs
are whitish,
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blotched with brown.
Clutch size is typically two
to three eggs. Incubation
is by both parents and
lasts for 28 to 35 days.
The female remains with
the young most of the time
during first few weeks af-
ter hatching, while the
male 'hunts for food. She
tears the food he brings to
the nest into small pieces
to feed to the young, the
later the food is dro '
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nest, and the young feed
on it themselves.
By mid-June, the young
begin to test their wings
and eventually leave the
nest, but they stay with
their parents for some
time after fledging.
Red tail Hawks are won
derful to watch and Ken-
tucky is a great home for
these beautiful raptors.
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